美國(guó)為實(shí)施其亞太海上安全戰(zhàn)略正在強(qiáng)化其同亞太盟國(guó)及伙伴國(guó)的海上安全合作。第一,美國(guó)日本正式修訂《美日防衛(wèi)合作指針》后,決定把日本自衛(wèi)隊(duì)與美軍的合作擴(kuò)大到整個(gè)亞太海洋地區(qū)甚至全球范圍。其次,2014年美國(guó)同菲律賓簽署“增強(qiáng)防務(wù)條約”,美國(guó)將使用菲律賓的海軍和空軍基地,菲國(guó)會(huì)于2016年初最后批準(zhǔn)后,美國(guó)可以按計(jì)劃在菲律賓開辟若干個(gè)軍事基地,以應(yīng)對(duì)南海海上安全突發(fā)性局勢(shì)。再次,美國(guó)加強(qiáng)安全伙伴建設(shè)。同新加坡、印尼、越南和馬來(lái)西亞等建立伙伴關(guān)系,提升了同越南的軍事關(guān)系,2016年全面解除輸越致命性武器,逐步成為美國(guó)實(shí)施海上安全戰(zhàn)略的軍體行動(dòng)。
注釋
①Ryan D. Martinson, "Maritime Strategy With Chinese Characteristics?" March 25, 2016,源自外交家網(wǎng)站:http://thediplomat.com/2016/03/maritime-strategy-with-chinese-characteristics/.
②楊潔勉:《淺析奧巴馬政府的全球戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整》,《國(guó)際問(wèn)題研究》,2011年第2期,第19頁(yè)。
③The President of United States, "National Security Strategy", February 2015, White House, Washington DC.
④Remarks by Security Advisor Susan Rice on the 2015 National Security Strategy, February 06, 2015, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/02/06/remarks-national-security-advisor-susan-rice-2015-national-security-stra.
⑤楊潔勉:《淺析奧巴馬政府的全球戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整》,《國(guó)際問(wèn)題研究》,2011年第2期,第21頁(yè)。
⑥曼佛雷德·莫爾斯:《亞太地區(qū)的區(qū)域化》,《政治學(xué)雜志》,1996年第4期,轉(zhuǎn)引自[德]蘇爾茲等編:《亞洲海洋戰(zhàn)略》(中文本),北京:人民出版社,2014年,第103頁(yè)。
⑦轉(zhuǎn)引自阿里·瓦德漢納:《泛太平洋挑戰(zhàn),APEC及亞太區(qū)域合作的印尼視角》,雅加達(dá),1994年,第175頁(yè)。
⑧2015年版《21世紀(jì)海上力量合作戰(zhàn)略》,美國(guó)同時(shí)發(fā)布中文本,美國(guó)海軍司令部網(wǎng)站:http://www.navy.mil/local/maritime/CS21R-Mandarin.pdf。
⑨詳細(xì)內(nèi)容可參考美國(guó)國(guó)防部發(fā)布的“亞太海上安全戰(zhàn)略”報(bào)告英文版:http://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/NDAA%20A-P_Maritime_SecuritY_Strategy-08142015-1300-FINALFORMAT.PDF,以及李洪波主編:《2015年世界重要安全文件匯編》,北京:時(shí)事出版社,2016年。
Asia-Pacific Maritime Hegemony under the US Global Deployment
Cai Penghong
Abstract: The US National Security Strategy and Maritime Security Strategy focus on the current and future path choices, is a selection process based on strategic implementation and modification, and is also a dynamic state planning. The US Asia-Pacific Maritime Security Strategy is a product resulted under the guidance of the principle and thought of the US National Security Strategy. Since the end of the Cold War, the US once published a series of policy documents and reports concerning the maritime security strategy in the Asia Pacific region; President Obama's administration has updated the US national security strategy and the Asia-Pacific maritime security strategy. Although the strategy documents are issued frequently, the objective is to amend or design on how to maintain the US maritime hegemony on the basis of the latest changes in the international and regional situation.
Keywords: maritime security strategy, global deployment, Asia-Pacific, maritime hegemony
責(zé) 編∕楊昀贇